| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Severance pay | Compensation to which an employee who has worked for the same employer for at least 1 year becomes entitled in the termination cases provided by law. |
| Notice pay | Compensation paid to the other party by the party who terminates the employment contract without granting the notice period. |
| Overtime | Work exceeding 45 hours per week. Paid at the normal hourly wage plus 50%. |
| National and public holidays (UBGT) | National and public holidays. Work on these days is subject to a wage increased by 100%. |
| Gross wage including fringe benefits | The wage found by adding regular additional benefits (transport, meals, bonus) to the employee's gross wage. |
| Ceiling | The upper limit for severance pay, updated each year in January and July. |
| Contributory fault | The employee's contribution to the damage through their own fault; a ground for reducing compensation. |
| Work accident | An event that causes physical or mental impairment to the insured, pursuant to Law No. 5510 Art. 13. |
| İPSD | Initial capitalized value of incapacity. The present value, by the actuarial method, of the income paid by SGK. |
| Termination for just cause | Immediate termination of the employment contract based on grounds provided by law. |
GLOSSARY
Legal and Compensation Terms
Clear explanations of terms in labor law, traffic law, sentence execution law, actuarial science and commercial law. A practical reference for experts, lawyers and certified public accountants (SMMM).
> CATEGORIES
Terms by topic
LABOR LAW
Labor Law Terms
Terms on severance pay, notice pay, overtime, gross wage including fringe benefits, the ceiling and labor claims.
Go to terms →TRAFFIC LAW
Traffic Law Terms
Terms on ZMSS, market value, damage loss, depreciation and traffic accident compensation.
Go to terms →CRIMINAL LAW
Sentence Execution Terms
The concepts of sentence calculation sheet (müddetname), conditional release, probation, open prison and good conduct.
Go to terms →ACTUARIAL
Actuarial Terms
Life table, initial capitalized value, support ratio, probability of marriage and progressive annuity.
Go to terms →GENERAL
General Legal Terms
General legal concepts such as limitation, contributory fault, TCO, HMK and the Court of Cassation.
Go to terms →ADDITIONAL DAMAGES
Additional Damages Terms
Damage exceeding default interest under TCO Art. 122 and related concepts.
Go to terms →> LABOR LAW
Labor Law Terms
> TRAFFIC LAW
Traffic Law Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| ZMSS | Compulsory Financial Liability Insurance. The insurance that motor vehicle owners are required to take out. |
| Vehicle depreciation | The decrease in value suffered on the second-hand market by a vehicle repaired after an accident. |
| Market value | The market value of the vehicle at the time of the accident. The basis of the calculation following Constitutional Court decision 2022/167. |
| Loss of support | In the event of death, the damage suffered by persons who benefited from the deceased's support (TCO Art. 53/3). |
| Permanent incapacity | Pecuniary compensation calculated on the permanent degree of disability. |
| Temporary incapacity | Loss of income during the recovery period (TCO Art. 54/2). |
| Insurance Arbitration Commission | An arbitration body established for the rapid resolution of insurance disputes. |
| Guarantee Account | A fund that covers damage caused by uninsured or unidentified vehicles. |
| Total-loss vehicle | A vehicle whose repair is not economical or which has become completely unusable. |
| Salvage | The scrap value of a total-loss vehicle. |
> CRIMINAL LAW
Sentence Execution Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Sentence Calculation Sheet | An official document showing all critical dates in the convict's sentence execution process. |
| Conditional release | Remaining under supervision in the community after 3/4 (or 2/3) of the sentence has been executed. |
| Probation | Spending up to 1 year of the period until the conditional release date outside prison. |
| Open prison | A low-security penal institution where working outside during the day is permitted. |
| Good conduct | The convict's behavior in the penal institution being positive; a condition for conditional release. |
| Credit for time served in detention | Deduction from the sentence of the time spent in detention before judgment. |
| Enforcement judgeship | The judicial body that resolves disputes relating to the sentence execution process. |
| Extended limitation period for punishment | A limitation period for punishment that can extend up to 15 years depending on the nature of the offense. |
| Recidivism | The same person committing an offense again within a certain period; it affects the execution regime. |
| Conditional release | The common popular name for conditional release. |
> ACTUARIAL
Actuarial Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Life table | A table that statistically shows the lifespans of a given country's population. |
| TRH-2010 | The current life table used in compensation calculations in Türkiye. |
| PMF 1931 | An older life table; it may still be used in some calculations. |
| Initial capitalized value | The amount found by discounting income to be paid in the future to its present value. |
| Support ratio | The share of the deceased's income assumed to have been set aside for the beneficiaries (%). |
| Probability of marriage | The probability that a young, childless spouse will remarry; it shortens the support period. |
| Progressive annuity | An actuarial calculation made on the assumption that income will increase over time. |
| Technical interest | The interest rate used in actuarial calculations (1,8% in practice). |
| Degree of disability | The rate of loss in a person's working capacity after an accident (%). |
| Remaining life expectancy | A person's expected remaining lifespan according to the life table. |
> GENERAL
General Legal Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Statute of limitations | The statutory period within which a right may be exercised. Once the period has passed, the right lapses. |
| TCO | Turkish Code of Obligations (Law No. 6098). |
| HMK | Code of Civil Procedure (Law No. 6100). |
| KTK | Highway Traffic Law (Law No. 2918). |
| İİK | Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (Law No. 2004). |
| Court of Cassation | Türkiye's highest court of appeal. |
| AYM | Constitutional Court. |
| Expert | A specialist whose opinion the court seeks on matters requiring expertise. |
| HMK Art. 293 | The right of the parties to obtain a scientific opinion from their own specialist. |
| Appeal to the Court of Cassation | Review of a first-instance court's decision by a higher court. |
| Appeal | Review of a first-instance court's decision by the Regional Court of Justice. |
| Interest | Statutory or commercial interest added because of delay in a claim. |
> ADDITIONAL DAMAGES
Additional Damages Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Additional damages | The creditor's damage exceeding default interest, under TCO Art. 122. |
| TCO Art. 122 | The statutory article governing additional damages. It contains a presumption of fault. |
| Default interest | Statutory interest that runs automatically once the debtor is in default. |
| Default | The debtor's failure to pay the debt by the time it is due. |
| Presumption of fault | The debtor being deemed liable unless they prove that they are not at fault (TCO Art. 122). |
| Alternative return | The return the creditor could have obtained in the same period (deposit interest, DİBS, etc.). |
| Advance interest | The interest rate applied in commercial transactions, set by TCMB. |
| TCMB | Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. The source of interest and exchange rate data. |
| BDDK | Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency. The source of banking sector data. |
| TTK Art. 1530 | The article governing default interest and claims for additional damages in commercial transactions. |
| Formal notice | A written notification to the debtor. It is used to determine the date of default. |
| Loss of purchasing power | The decline in the real value of a claim due to inflation. |
| Real interest | The interest found by removing inflation from nominal interest. |
> ADDITIONAL DAMAGES
Additional Damages Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Additional damages | The creditor's damage exceeding default interest, under TCO Art. 122. |
| TCO Art. 122 | The statutory article governing additional damages. It contains a presumption of fault. |
| Default interest | Statutory interest that runs automatically once the debtor is in default. |
| Default | The debtor's failure to pay the debt by the time it is due. |
| Presumption of fault | The debtor being deemed liable unless they prove that they are not at fault (TCO Art. 122). |
| Alternative return | The return the creditor could have obtained in the same period (deposit interest, DİBS, etc.). |
| Advance interest | The interest rate applied in commercial transactions, set by TCMB. |
| TCMB | Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. The source of interest and exchange rate data. |
| BDDK | Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency. The source of banking sector data. |
| TTK Art. 1530 | The article governing default interest and claims for additional damages in commercial transactions. |
| Formal notice | A written notification to the debtor. It is used to determine the date of default. |
| Loss of purchasing power | The decline in the real value of a claim due to inflation. |
| Real interest | The interest found by removing inflation from nominal interest. |
About the Glossary
This glossary is prepared by Tazminat.com's expert and lawyer business partners. The terms are explained in accordance with the relevant legislation and Court of Cassation case law. Currently 50+ terms are published, and our glossary will be expanded to 200+ terms.